Signals
The Human Trafficking Hotline has received 432,902 signals since its inception.
Cases
Since its inception, the Human Trafficking Hotline has identified 100,891 cases of human trafficking. 197,000 victims were identified in these cases.
National Statistics
The National Human Trafficking Hotline maintains one of the most extensive data sets on the issue of human trafficking in the United States. The statistics contained on this website are based on aggregated information learned through signals -- phone calls, texts, online chats, emails, and online tip reports -- received by the Trafficking Hotline. The data do not define the totality of human trafficking or of a trafficking network in any given area. The Trafficking Hotline uses this data to help human trafficking victims and survivors and to provide the anti-trafficking field with information to help combat all forms of human trafficking.
In order to ensure a high quality of data, Polaris reviews cases of potential trafficking and records the information included below. Recently, the increasing volume of information that needs review has delayed our ability to release fully validated data for the years 2022 and 2023. To meet this challenge, Polaris is transitioning from a manual data validation process to an AI and machine-learning assisted processes. During this transition, in recognition of the need for data by many stakeholders across government, law enforcement, and nonprofit organizations, the Trafficking Hotline has released partially validated data for 2022 and 2023. Partially validated data is data that has not undergone a complete review by data quality analysts. Based on analysis of previous hotline data, partially validated data for 2022 and 2023 has an estimated false positive rate of 13.70% and a false negative rate of 11.04%. We will update both 2022 and 2023 with fully validated data as soon the new data validation processes are in place. In addition, data is dynamic and subject to change as the hotline continues to respond to victims of trafficking. Therefore, even fully validated data reported is likely to have minor fluctuations based on when the data for the report was retrieved. The current report is based on data retrieved on April 22, 2024.
Total National Statistics
The National Human Trafficking Hotline uses the word "case" to represent distinct situations of trafficking reported to the hotline. A case can involve one or more potential victims of trafficking and can be reported to the hotline through one or more conversations via call, text, email, online report, or webchat. The use of the word case is not an indication of law enforcement involvement in the situation.
Polaris has changed the way we present certain data to include contacts initiated by text and chat. As a result, data obtained before this change may not match what is currently available on this site.
View Stats by State
All Time Statistics (Since 2007)
Statistics by Year
2023
Signals Received in 2023
30,162
signals were received by the Hotline in 2023 from National.
7,380
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Referral
200
Internet
127
Training/Conference
102
Print Media
13
Billboard
11
Television
8
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
6
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
5
Other
29,690
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
16,439
SMS Report
7,015
Online Report
3,354
Email Received
2,107
Web Chat
1,247
Cases Identified in 2023
9,619
cases were identified in 2023.
16,999
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
5,572
Labor
1,558
Sex and Labor
1,021
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
618
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
185
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
182
Escort/Delivery Service
143
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
43
Truck Stop-Based
36
Tourism
5
Other
3,233
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
248
Restaurant/Food Service
122
Illicit Activity
35
Begging Ring
33
Landscaping Service
30
Health Care
22
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
22
Health & Beauty Services
18
Traveling Sales Crew
17
Arts & Entertainment
16
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
14
Peddling Ring
13
Hostess/Strip Club
6
Mining, Quarrying, Oil/Gas Extraction
4
Other
617
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
6,101
Access Service Referrals
3,058
Request Crisis Assistance
388
Request General Information
69
Request T&TA
3
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
6,676
Minors
2,535
Genders
Females
6,863
Males
1,480
Citizenships
Foreign Nationals
1,152
US Citizen LPR
934
Signals and cases by State in 2023
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 203 | 0.67% | 57 | 0.59% |
| Alaska | 51 | 0.17% | 9 | 0.09% |
| Arizona | 469 | 1.55% | 180 | 1.87% |
| Arkansas | 157 | 0.52% | 74 | 0.77% |
| California | 3152 | 10.45% | 1128 | 11.73% |
| Colorado | 440 | 1.46% | 165 | 1.72% |
| Connecticut | 219 | 0.73% | 42 | 0.44% |
| Delaware | 90 | 0.30% | 31 | 0.32% |
| District of Columbia | 162 | 0.54% | 48 | 0.50% |
| Florida | 1904 | 6.31% | 680 | 7.07% |
| Georgia | 653 | 2.16% | 263 | 2.73% |
| Guam | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Hawaii | 110 | 0.36% | 29 | 0.30% |
| Idaho | 92 | 0.31% | 28 | 0.29% |
| Illinois | 760 | 2.52% | 269 | 2.80% |
| Indiana | 286 | 0.95% | 110 | 1.14% |
| Iowa | 200 | 0.66% | 72 | 0.75% |
| Kansas | 208 | 0.69% | 59 | 0.61% |
| Kentucky | 328 | 1.09% | 77 | 0.80% |
| Louisiana | 234 | 0.78% | 95 | 0.99% |
| Maine | 78 | 0.26% | 36 | 0.37% |
| Maryland | 501 | 1.66% | 152 | 1.58% |
| Massachusetts | 263 | 0.87% | 84 | 0.87% |
| Michigan | 779 | 2.58% | 254 | 2.64% |
| Minnesota | 223 | 0.74% | 73 | 0.76% |
| Mississippi | 267 | 0.89% | 122 | 1.27% |
| Missouri | 679 | 2.25% | 249 | 2.59% |
| Montana | 96 | 0.32% | 29 | 0.30% |
| Nebraska | 113 | 0.37% | 23 | 0.24% |
| Nevada | 508 | 1.68% | 189 | 1.96% |
| New Hampshire | 76 | 0.25% | 29 | 0.30% |
| New Jersey | 480 | 1.59% | 170 | 1.77% |
| New Mexico | 200 | 0.66% | 40 | 0.42% |
| New York | 1212 | 4.02% | 412 | 4.28% |
| North Carolina | 684 | 2.27% | 235 | 2.44% |
| North Dakota | 56 | 0.19% | 14 | 0.15% |
| Northern Marianas Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Ohio | 810 | 2.69% | 258 | 2.68% |
| Oklahoma | 310 | 1.03% | 68 | 0.71% |
| Oregon | 461 | 1.53% | 132 | 1.37% |
| Pennsylvania | 606 | 2.01% | 220 | 2.29% |
| Puerto Rico | 14 | 0.05% | 4 | 0.04% |
| Rhode Island | 34 | 0.11% | 13 | 0.14% |
| South Carolina | 213 | 0.71% | 64 | 0.67% |
| South Dakota | 53 | 0.18% | 17 | 0.18% |
| Tennessee | 300 | 0.99% | 114 | 1.19% |
| Texas | 2373 | 7.87% | 900 | 9.36% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Utah | 269 | 0.89% | 97 | 1.01% |
| Vermont | 19 | 0.06% | 7 | 0.07% |
| Virginia | 527 | 1.75% | 157 | 1.63% |
| Washington | 582 | 1.93% | 202 | 2.10% |
| West Virginia | 73 | 0.24% | 29 | 0.30% |
| Wisconsin | 256 | 0.85% | 109 | 1.13% |
| Wyoming | 25 | 0.08% | 12 | 0.12% |
2022
Signals Received in 2022
37,331
signals were received by the Hotline in 2022 from National.
9,647
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Referral
251
Training/Conference
163
Internet
120
Print Media
11
Billboard
10
Television
8
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
7
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
6
Social Media Site
5
Stickers
5
Film
4
Other
36,741
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
19,739
SMS Report
10,603
Online Report
3,102
Email Received
3,024
Web Chat
863
Cases Identified in 2022
9,014
cases were identified in 2022.
15,299
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
6,006
Labor
1,236
Sex and Labor
543
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
588
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
317
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
266
Escort/Delivery Service
154
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
71
Truck Stop-Based
47
Tourism
4
Other
3,344
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
237
Restaurant/Food Service
105
Illicit Activity
48
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
39
Landscaping Service
26
Health Care
20
Begging Ring
19
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
19
Hostess/Strip Club
16
Traveling Sales Crew
15
Health & Beauty Services
9
Peddling Ring
8
Traveling Carnival
7
Arts & Entertainment
5
Other
368
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
5,552
Access Service Referrals
2,919
Request Crisis Assistance
508
Request General Information
33
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
5,846
Minors
2,181
Genders
Females
6,758
Males
1,234
Citizenships
Foreign Nationals
1,168
US Citizen LPR
623
Signals and cases by State in 2022
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 414 | 1.11% | 80 | 0.89% |
| Alaska | 82 | 0.22% | 26 | 0.29% |
| Arizona | 567 | 1.52% | 207 | 2.30% |
| Arkansas | 178 | 0.48% | 57 | 0.63% |
| California | 4003 | 10.72% | 1188 | 13.18% |
| Colorado | 513 | 1.37% | 138 | 1.53% |
| Connecticut | 232 | 0.62% | 54 | 0.60% |
| Delaware | 70 | 0.19% | 28 | 0.31% |
| District of Columbia | 141 | 0.38% | 47 | 0.52% |
| Florida | 1949 | 5.22% | 624 | 6.92% |
| Georgia | 755 | 2.02% | 243 | 2.70% |
| Hawaii | 148 | 0.40% | 35 | 0.39% |
| Idaho | 97 | 0.26% | 26 | 0.29% |
| Illinois | 702 | 1.88% | 234 | 2.60% |
| Indiana | 291 | 0.78% | 105 | 1.16% |
| Iowa | 285 | 0.76% | 67 | 0.74% |
| Kansas | 183 | 0.49% | 77 | 0.85% |
| Kentucky | 231 | 0.62% | 86 | 0.95% |
| Louisiana | 268 | 0.72% | 104 | 1.15% |
| Maine | 78 | 0.21% | 22 | 0.24% |
| Maryland | 643 | 1.72% | 138 | 1.53% |
| Massachusetts | 276 | 0.74% | 72 | 0.80% |
| Michigan | 746 | 2.00% | 249 | 2.76% |
| Minnesota | 233 | 0.62% | 67 | 0.74% |
| Mississippi | 329 | 0.88% | 171 | 1.90% |
| Missouri | 810 | 2.17% | 236 | 2.62% |
| Montana | 109 | 0.29% | 28 | 0.31% |
| Nebraska | 135 | 0.36% | 45 | 0.50% |
| Nevada | 427 | 1.14% | 188 | 2.09% |
| New Hampshire | 59 | 0.16% | 26 | 0.29% |
| New Jersey | 450 | 1.21% | 137 | 1.52% |
| New Mexico | 181 | 0.48% | 54 | 0.60% |
| New York | 1224 | 3.28% | 346 | 3.84% |
| North Carolina | 873 | 2.34% | 221 | 2.45% |
| North Dakota | 59 | 0.16% | 19 | 0.21% |
| Northern Marianas Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Ohio | 802 | 2.15% | 271 | 3.01% |
| Oklahoma | 335 | 0.90% | 81 | 0.90% |
| Oregon | 441 | 1.18% | 140 | 1.55% |
| Pennsylvania | 736 | 1.97% | 194 | 2.15% |
| Puerto Rico | 11 | 0.03% | 4 | 0.04% |
| Rhode Island | 27 | 0.07% | 8 | 0.09% |
| South Carolina | 310 | 0.83% | 95 | 1.05% |
| South Dakota | 95 | 0.25% | 25 | 0.28% |
| Tennessee | 381 | 1.02% | 133 | 1.48% |
| Texas | 2882 | 7.72% | 909 | 10.08% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 7 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Utah | 256 | 0.69% | 87 | 0.97% |
| Vermont | 32 | 0.09% | 4 | 0.04% |
| Virginia | 539 | 1.44% | 145 | 1.61% |
| Washington | 571 | 1.53% | 196 | 2.17% |
| West Virginia | 88 | 0.24% | 27 | 0.30% |
| Wisconsin | 302 | 0.81% | 100 | 1.11% |
| Wyoming | 55 | 0.15% | 16 | 0.18% |
2021
Signals Received in 2021
47,325
signals were received by the Hotline in 2021 from National.
12,846
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Referral
515
Internet
346
Training/Conference
231
Print Media
23
Social Media Site
10
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
8
Stickers
6
Street Outreach
3
Television
3
Other
46,180
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
29,058
SMS Report
10,475
Email Received
3,776
Online Report
3,229
Web Chat
787
Cases Identified in 2021
10,353
cases were identified in 2021.
16,708
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
7,497
Labor
1,065
Sex and Labor
399
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
598
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
525
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
369
Escort/Delivery Service
135
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
47
Truck Stop-Based
43
Legalized Brothel
3
Other
4,181
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
185
Restaurant/Food Service
60
Illicit Activity
58
Begging Ring
24
Traveling Sales Crew
22
Peddling Ring
21
Landscaping Service
20
Health Care
16
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
16
Health & Beauty Services
14
Hostess/Strip Club
10
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
10
Arts & Entertainment
9
Traveling Carnival
7
Other
326
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
6,545
Access Service Referrals
3,286
Request Crisis Assistance
520
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
6,641
Minors
2,361
Genders
Females
8,135
Males
1,291
Citizenships
Foreign Nationals
1,087
US Citizen LPR
662
Signals and cases by State in 2021
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 289 | 0.61% | 79 | 0.76% |
| Alaska | 78 | 0.16% | 16 | 0.15% |
| Arizona | 624 | 1.32% | 218 | 2.11% |
| Arkansas | 262 | 0.55% | 74 | 0.71% |
| California | 5074 | 10.72% | 1338 | 12.92% |
| Colorado | 611 | 1.29% | 152 | 1.47% |
| Connecticut | 168 | 0.35% | 54 | 0.52% |
| Delaware | 100 | 0.21% | 30 | 0.29% |
| District of Columbia | 189 | 0.40% | 44 | 0.42% |
| Florida | 2901 | 6.13% | 781 | 7.54% |
| Georgia | 983 | 2.08% | 282 | 2.72% |
| Guam | 3 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Hawaii | 89 | 0.19% | 31 | 0.30% |
| Idaho | 111 | 0.23% | 33 | 0.32% |
| Illinois | 906 | 1.91% | 243 | 2.35% |
| Indiana | 470 | 0.99% | 125 | 1.21% |
| Iowa | 308 | 0.65% | 86 | 0.83% |
| Kansas | 269 | 0.57% | 86 | 0.83% |
| Kentucky | 352 | 0.74% | 115 | 1.11% |
| Louisiana | 372 | 0.79% | 125 | 1.21% |
| Maine | 177 | 0.37% | 31 | 0.30% |
| Maryland | 712 | 1.50% | 119 | 1.15% |
| Massachusetts | 365 | 0.77% | 93 | 0.90% |
| Michigan | 1175 | 2.48% | 296 | 2.86% |
| Minnesota | 331 | 0.70% | 98 | 0.95% |
| Mississippi | 543 | 1.15% | 233 | 2.25% |
| Missouri | 1083 | 2.29% | 239 | 2.31% |
| Montana | 179 | 0.38% | 24 | 0.23% |
| Nebraska | 238 | 0.50% | 57 | 0.55% |
| Nevada | 569 | 1.20% | 201 | 1.94% |
| New Hampshire | 68 | 0.14% | 24 | 0.23% |
| New Jersey | 557 | 1.18% | 150 | 1.45% |
| New Mexico | 358 | 0.76% | 59 | 0.57% |
| New York | 1665 | 3.52% | 404 | 3.90% |
| North Carolina | 929 | 1.96% | 222 | 2.14% |
| North Dakota | 101 | 0.21% | 19 | 0.18% |
| Northern Marianas Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Ohio | 1163 | 2.46% | 290 | 2.80% |
| Oklahoma | 424 | 0.90% | 99 | 0.96% |
| Oregon | 488 | 1.03% | 160 | 1.55% |
| Pennsylvania | 954 | 2.02% | 189 | 1.83% |
| Puerto Rico | 34 | 0.07% | 12 | 0.12% |
| Rhode Island | 36 | 0.08% | 16 | 0.15% |
| South Carolina | 544 | 1.15% | 124 | 1.20% |
| South Dakota | 100 | 0.21% | 29 | 0.28% |
| Tennessee | 534 | 1.13% | 151 | 1.46% |
| Texas | 3452 | 7.29% | 917 | 8.86% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 4 | 0.01% | 3 | 0.03% |
| Utah | 308 | 0.65% | 78 | 0.75% |
| Vermont | 34 | 0.07% | 14 | 0.14% |
| Virginia | 589 | 1.24% | 140 | 1.35% |
| Washington | 945 | 2.00% | 233 | 2.25% |
| West Virginia | 110 | 0.23% | 40 | 0.39% |
| Wisconsin | 388 | 0.82% | 94 | 0.91% |
| Wyoming | 69 | 0.15% | 13 | 0.13% |
2020
Signals Received in 2020
51,611
signals were received by the Hotline in 2020 from National.
13,946
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Referral
886
Internet
630
Training/Conference
329
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
69
Print Media
39
Stickers
22
Television
16
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
13
Social Media Site
10
Billboard
6
Film
3
Other
49,588
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
30,082
SMS Report
12,922
Email Received
3,982
Online Report
2,977
Web Chat
1,648
Cases Identified in 2020
10,525
cases were identified in 2020.
16,984
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
7,628
Labor
1,041
Sex and Labor
340
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
614
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
461
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
447
Escort/Delivery Service
150
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
71
Truck Stop-Based
45
Other
4,182
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
201
Illicit Activity
61
Traveling Sales Crew
60
Restaurant/Food Service
47
Begging Ring
20
Health & Beauty Services
19
Landscaping Service
18
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
17
Peddling Ring
17
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
14
Hostess/Strip Club
11
Health Care
10
Arts & Entertainment
7
Recreational Facilities
4
Traveling Carnival
4
Pre-school/Child Day Care Service
3
Other
310
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
6,811
Access Service Referrals
3,140
Request Crisis Assistance
574
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
6,398
Minors
2,484
Genders
Females
8,411
Males
1,250
Citizenships
Foreign Nationals
1,078
US Citizen LPR
697
Signals and cases by State in 2020
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 254 | 0.49% | 87 | 0.83% |
| Alaska | 58 | 0.11% | 22 | 0.21% |
| American Samoa | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Arizona | 606 | 1.17% | 193 | 1.83% |
| Arkansas | 323 | 0.63% | 100 | 0.95% |
| California | 4995 | 9.68% | 1340 | 12.73% |
| Colorado | 602 | 1.17% | 137 | 1.30% |
| Connecticut | 203 | 0.39% | 49 | 0.47% |
| Delaware | 130 | 0.25% | 26 | 0.25% |
| District of Columbia | 195 | 0.38% | 41 | 0.39% |
| Florida | 2464 | 4.77% | 745 | 7.08% |
| Georgia | 1079 | 2.09% | 339 | 3.22% |
| Hawaii | 114 | 0.22% | 40 | 0.38% |
| Idaho | 94 | 0.18% | 29 | 0.28% |
| Illinois | 934 | 1.81% | 251 | 2.38% |
| Indiana | 523 | 1.01% | 140 | 1.33% |
| Iowa | 312 | 0.60% | 77 | 0.73% |
| Kansas | 376 | 0.73% | 87 | 0.83% |
| Kentucky | 416 | 0.81% | 101 | 0.96% |
| Louisiana | 363 | 0.70% | 104 | 0.99% |
| Maine | 94 | 0.18% | 27 | 0.26% |
| Maryland | 534 | 1.03% | 135 | 1.28% |
| Massachusetts | 227 | 0.44% | 82 | 0.78% |
| Michigan | 885 | 1.71% | 289 | 2.75% |
| Minnesota | 353 | 0.68% | 88 | 0.84% |
| Mississippi | 695 | 1.35% | 185 | 1.76% |
| Missouri | 925 | 1.79% | 270 | 2.57% |
| Montana | 639 | 1.24% | 30 | 0.29% |
| Nebraska | 260 | 0.50% | 73 | 0.69% |
| Nevada | 583 | 1.13% | 191 | 1.81% |
| New Hampshire | 45 | 0.09% | 17 | 0.16% |
| New Jersey | 612 | 1.19% | 147 | 1.40% |
| New Mexico | 340 | 0.66% | 54 | 0.51% |
| New York | 1728 | 3.35% | 415 | 3.94% |
| North Carolina | 1100 | 2.13% | 259 | 2.46% |
| North Dakota | 71 | 0.14% | 21 | 0.20% |
| Northern Marianas Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Ohio | 1078 | 2.09% | 310 | 2.95% |
| Oklahoma | 401 | 0.78% | 113 | 1.07% |
| Oregon | 558 | 1.08% | 139 | 1.32% |
| Pennsylvania | 919 | 1.78% | 219 | 2.08% |
| Puerto Rico | 14 | 0.03% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Rhode Island | 87 | 0.17% | 10 | 0.10% |
| South Carolina | 769 | 1.49% | 123 | 1.17% |
| South Dakota | 59 | 0.11% | 24 | 0.23% |
| Tennessee | 533 | 1.03% | 163 | 1.55% |
| Texas | 3462 | 6.71% | 995 | 9.45% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Utah | 181 | 0.35% | 65 | 0.62% |
| Vermont | 33 | 0.06% | 13 | 0.12% |
| Virginia | 564 | 1.09% | 121 | 1.15% |
| Washington | 1070 | 2.07% | 239 | 2.27% |
| West Virginia | 97 | 0.19% | 40 | 0.38% |
| Wisconsin | 338 | 0.65% | 98 | 0.93% |
| Wyoming | 47 | 0.09% | 11 | 0.10% |
2019
Signals Received in 2019
49,669
signals were received by the Hotline in 2019 from National.
10,676
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Internet
1,735
Referral
1,310
Training/Conference
632
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
224
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
122
Print Media
121
Television
62
Stickers
37
Social Media Site
28
Billboard
16
Street Outreach
10
Film
8
Radio
8
Other
45,356
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
31,457
SMS Report
8,429
Online Report
4,692
Email Received
2,984
Web Chat
2,107
Cases Identified in 2019
11,368
cases were identified in 2019.
22,163
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
8,188
Labor
1,231
Sex and Labor
508
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
1,245
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
585
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
439
Escort/Delivery Service
288
Truck Stop-Based
94
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
85
Tourism
8
Other
3,897
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
217
Traveling Sales Crew
107
Restaurant/Food Service
81
Illicit Activity
55
Begging Ring
47
Peddling Ring
37
Landscaping Service
34
Health & Beauty Services
27
Health Care
16
Hostess/Strip Club
15
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
14
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
12
Arts & Entertainment
10
Traveling Carnival
6
Recreational Facilities
5
Other
293
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
7,666
Access Service Referrals
2,915
Request Crisis Assistance
781
Request General Information
6
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
6,634
Minors
2,550
Genders
Females
9,258
Males
1,294
Citizenships
Foreign Nationals
1,409
US Citizen LPR
1,098
Signals and cases by State in 2019
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 291 | 0.59% | 84 | 0.74% |
| Alaska | 55 | 0.11% | 15 | 0.13% |
| American Samoa | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Arizona | 651 | 1.31% | 231 | 2.03% |
| Arkansas | 227 | 0.46% | 86 | 0.76% |
| California | 4780 | 9.62% | 1519 | 13.36% |
| Colorado | 543 | 1.09% | 181 | 1.59% |
| Connecticut | 165 | 0.33% | 54 | 0.48% |
| Delaware | 79 | 0.16% | 37 | 0.33% |
| District of Columbia | 195 | 0.39% | 78 | 0.69% |
| Florida | 2276 | 4.58% | 898 | 7.90% |
| Georgia | 1067 | 2.15% | 427 | 3.76% |
| Guam | 0 | 0.00% | 5 | 0.04% |
| Hawaii | 121 | 0.24% | 35 | 0.31% |
| Idaho | 57 | 0.11% | 27 | 0.24% |
| Illinois | 892 | 1.80% | 268 | 2.36% |
| Indiana | 342 | 0.69% | 156 | 1.37% |
| Iowa | 274 | 0.55% | 100 | 0.88% |
| Kansas | 242 | 0.49% | 94 | 0.83% |
| Kentucky | 593 | 1.19% | 137 | 1.21% |
| Louisiana | 306 | 0.62% | 157 | 1.38% |
| Maine | 84 | 0.17% | 35 | 0.31% |
| Maryland | 557 | 1.12% | 189 | 1.66% |
| Massachusetts | 324 | 0.65% | 106 | 0.93% |
| Michigan | 957 | 1.93% | 360 | 3.17% |
| Minnesota | 300 | 0.60% | 106 | 0.93% |
| Mississippi | 368 | 0.74% | 147 | 1.29% |
| Missouri | 599 | 1.21% | 232 | 2.04% |
| Montana | 90 | 0.18% | 38 | 0.33% |
| Nebraska | 282 | 0.57% | 63 | 0.55% |
| Nevada | 441 | 0.89% | 239 | 2.10% |
| New Hampshire | 83 | 0.17% | 15 | 0.13% |
| New Jersey | 483 | 0.97% | 247 | 2.17% |
| New Mexico | 290 | 0.58% | 64 | 0.56% |
| New York | 1282 | 2.58% | 457 | 4.02% |
| North Carolina | 1260 | 2.54% | 268 | 2.36% |
| North Dakota | 53 | 0.11% | 22 | 0.19% |
| Ohio | 1240 | 2.50% | 449 | 3.95% |
| Oklahoma | 322 | 0.65% | 113 | 0.99% |
| Oregon | 525 | 1.06% | 134 | 1.18% |
| Pennsylvania | 756 | 1.52% | 273 | 2.40% |
| Puerto Rico | 18 | 0.04% | 5 | 0.04% |
| Rhode Island | 37 | 0.07% | 15 | 0.13% |
| South Carolina | 522 | 1.05% | 138 | 1.21% |
| South Dakota | 93 | 0.19% | 26 | 0.23% |
| Tennessee | 579 | 1.17% | 181 | 1.59% |
| Texas | 2576 | 5.19% | 1088 | 9.57% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 4 | 0.01% | 3 | 0.03% |
| Utah | 222 | 0.45% | 90 | 0.79% |
| Vermont | 65 | 0.13% | 9 | 0.08% |
| Virginia | 589 | 1.19% | 188 | 1.65% |
| Washington | 900 | 1.81% | 269 | 2.37% |
| West Virginia | 104 | 0.21% | 38 | 0.33% |
| Wisconsin | 327 | 0.66% | 96 | 0.84% |
| Wyoming | 40 | 0.08% | 12 | 0.11% |
2018
Signals Received in 2018
41,736
signals were received by the Hotline in 2018 from National.
8,172
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Internet
2,053
Referral
1,773
Training/Conference
547
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
262
Print Media
189
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
184
Television
62
Social Media Site
30
Billboard
22
Radio
18
Stickers
14
Street Outreach
14
Film
10
Other
36,558
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
28,932
SMS Report
5,090
Online Report
4,158
Email Received
1,978
Web Chat
1,578
Cases Identified in 2018
10,703
cases were identified in 2018.
21,714
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
7,689
Labor
1,226
Sex and Labor
625
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
857
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
623
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
456
Escort/Delivery Service
432
Truck Stop-Based
105
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
86
Legalized Brothel
5
Tourism
5
Other
3,633
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
212
Traveling Sales Crew
138
Restaurant/Food Service
69
Illicit Activity
58
Begging Ring
55
Health & Beauty Services
39
Peddling Ring
39
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
21
Landscaping Service
19
Arts & Entertainment
18
Hostess/Strip Club
14
Health Care
12
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
8
Recreational Facilities
6
Traveling Carnival
6
Other
232
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
7,781
Access Service Referrals
2,033
Request Crisis Assistance
842
Request General Information
42
Request T&TA
5
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
5,009
Minors
2,311
Genders
Females
6,981
Males
1,110
Citizenships
US Citizen LPR
1,480
Foreign Nationals
1,200
Signals and cases by State in 2018
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 258 | 0.62% | 91 | 0.85% |
| Alaska | 68 | 0.16% | 19 | 0.18% |
| Arizona | 512 | 1.23% | 233 | 2.18% |
| Arkansas | 205 | 0.49% | 84 | 0.78% |
| California | 4563 | 10.93% | 1646 | 15.38% |
| Colorado | 570 | 1.37% | 179 | 1.67% |
| Connecticut | 173 | 0.41% | 56 | 0.52% |
| Delaware | 87 | 0.21% | 39 | 0.36% |
| District of Columbia | 257 | 0.62% | 86 | 0.80% |
| Florida | 1944 | 4.66% | 762 | 7.12% |
| Georgia | 875 | 2.10% | 376 | 3.51% |
| Guam | 5 | 0.01% | 4 | 0.04% |
| Hawaii | 107 | 0.26% | 47 | 0.44% |
| Idaho | 84 | 0.20% | 26 | 0.24% |
| Illinois | 912 | 2.19% | 296 | 2.77% |
| Indiana | 372 | 0.89% | 143 | 1.34% |
| Iowa | 283 | 0.68% | 102 | 0.95% |
| Kansas | 235 | 0.56% | 93 | 0.87% |
| Kentucky | 531 | 1.27% | 143 | 1.34% |
| Louisiana | 300 | 0.72% | 149 | 1.39% |
| Maine | 82 | 0.20% | 35 | 0.33% |
| Maryland | 471 | 1.13% | 171 | 1.60% |
| Massachusetts | 292 | 0.70% | 117 | 1.09% |
| Michigan | 1079 | 2.59% | 384 | 3.59% |
| Minnesota | 329 | 0.79% | 123 | 1.15% |
| Mississippi | 214 | 0.51% | 86 | 0.80% |
| Missouri | 454 | 1.09% | 177 | 1.65% |
| Montana | 96 | 0.23% | 21 | 0.20% |
| Nebraska | 249 | 0.60% | 81 | 0.76% |
| Nevada | 502 | 1.20% | 313 | 2.92% |
| New Hampshire | 39 | 0.09% | 12 | 0.11% |
| New Jersey | 464 | 1.11% | 221 | 2.06% |
| New Mexico | 224 | 0.54% | 70 | 0.65% |
| New York | 1028 | 2.46% | 491 | 4.59% |
| North Carolina | 895 | 2.14% | 286 | 2.67% |
| North Dakota | 54 | 0.13% | 14 | 0.13% |
| Ohio | 1237 | 2.96% | 446 | 4.17% |
| Oklahoma | 304 | 0.73% | 121 | 1.13% |
| Oregon | 420 | 1.01% | 136 | 1.27% |
| Pennsylvania | 667 | 1.60% | 272 | 2.54% |
| Puerto Rico | 24 | 0.06% | 3 | 0.03% |
| Rhode Island | 23 | 0.06% | 19 | 0.18% |
| South Carolina | 360 | 0.86% | 154 | 1.44% |
| South Dakota | 65 | 0.16% | 22 | 0.21% |
| Tennessee | 370 | 0.89% | 169 | 1.58% |
| Texas | 2276 | 5.45% | 1001 | 9.35% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 3 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Utah | 194 | 0.46% | 74 | 0.69% |
| Vermont | 85 | 0.20% | 14 | 0.13% |
| Virginia | 572 | 1.37% | 199 | 1.86% |
| Washington | 684 | 1.64% | 227 | 2.12% |
| West Virginia | 101 | 0.24% | 39 | 0.36% |
| Wisconsin | 412 | 0.99% | 136 | 1.27% |
| Wyoming | 70 | 0.17% | 12 | 0.11% |
2017
Signals Received in 2017
34,017
signals were received by the Hotline in 2017 from National.
5,485
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Internet
2,131
Referral
2,095
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
543
Training/Conference
467
Print Media
246
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
198
Television
139
Billboard
44
Social Media Site
44
Radio
37
Stickers
24
Street Outreach
16
Film
12
Other
28,021
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
26,960
Online Report
3,301
SMS Report
2,010
Email Received
1,746
Cases Identified in 2017
8,596
cases were identified in 2017.
21,305
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
6,136
Labor
1,261
Sex and Labor
388
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
720
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
515
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
508
Escort/Delivery Service
405
Truck Stop-Based
107
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
74
Tourism
7
Other
2,631
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
238
Traveling Sales Crew
106
Restaurant/Food Service
67
Begging Ring
58
Illicit Activity
58
Peddling Ring
50
Health & Beauty Services
44
Landscaping Service
33
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
25
Hostess/Strip Club
18
Health Care
17
Arts & Entertainment
14
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
8
Recreational Facilities
6
Traveling Carnival
5
Other
248
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
6,085
Access Service Referrals
1,742
Request Crisis Assistance
699
Request General Information
62
Request T&TA
8
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
5,340
Minors
2,478
Genders
Females
7,104
Males
1,116
Citizenships
US Citizen LPR
1,990
Foreign Nationals
1,507
Signals and cases by State in 2017
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 222 | 0.65% | 70 | 0.81% |
| Alaska | 53 | 0.16% | 9 | 0.10% |
| Arizona | 510 | 1.50% | 185 | 2.15% |
| Arkansas | 166 | 0.49% | 46 | 0.54% |
| California | 4742 | 13.94% | 1338 | 15.57% |
| Colorado | 473 | 1.39% | 121 | 1.41% |
| Connecticut | 185 | 0.54% | 61 | 0.71% |
| Delaware | 57 | 0.17% | 24 | 0.28% |
| District of Columbia | 263 | 0.77% | 70 | 0.81% |
| Florida | 1921 | 5.65% | 621 | 7.22% |
| Georgia | 862 | 2.53% | 289 | 3.36% |
| Guam | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Hawaii | 85 | 0.25% | 28 | 0.33% |
| Idaho | 66 | 0.19% | 13 | 0.15% |
| Illinois | 773 | 2.27% | 204 | 2.37% |
| Indiana | 351 | 1.03% | 97 | 1.13% |
| Iowa | 273 | 0.80% | 78 | 0.91% |
| Kansas | 259 | 0.76% | 70 | 0.81% |
| Kentucky | 462 | 1.36% | 82 | 0.95% |
| Louisiana | 323 | 0.95% | 113 | 1.31% |
| Maine | 70 | 0.21% | 19 | 0.22% |
| Maryland | 503 | 1.48% | 122 | 1.42% |
| Massachusetts | 407 | 1.20% | 99 | 1.15% |
| Michigan | 1112 | 3.27% | 314 | 3.65% |
| Minnesota | 305 | 0.90% | 79 | 0.92% |
| Mississippi | 105 | 0.31% | 42 | 0.49% |
| Missouri | 526 | 1.55% | 147 | 1.71% |
| Montana | 128 | 0.38% | 27 | 0.31% |
| Nebraska | 267 | 0.78% | 69 | 0.80% |
| Nevada | 381 | 1.12% | 210 | 2.44% |
| New Hampshire | 40 | 0.12% | 5 | 0.06% |
| New Jersey | 514 | 1.51% | 168 | 1.95% |
| New Mexico | 206 | 0.61% | 40 | 0.47% |
| New York | 1125 | 3.31% | 342 | 3.98% |
| North Carolina | 1063 | 3.12% | 234 | 2.72% |
| North Dakota | 58 | 0.17% | 24 | 0.28% |
| Ohio | 1309 | 3.85% | 383 | 4.46% |
| Oklahoma | 278 | 0.82% | 82 | 0.95% |
| Oregon | 364 | 1.07% | 85 | 0.99% |
| Pennsylvania | 700 | 2.06% | 213 | 2.48% |
| Rhode Island | 33 | 0.10% | 11 | 0.13% |
| South Carolina | 460 | 1.35% | 120 | 1.40% |
| South Dakota | 92 | 0.27% | 18 | 0.21% |
| Tennessee | 436 | 1.28% | 114 | 1.33% |
| Texas | 2468 | 7.26% | 816 | 9.49% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 4 | 0.05% |
| Utah | 138 | 0.41% | 35 | 0.41% |
| Vermont | 52 | 0.15% | 14 | 0.16% |
| Virginia | 612 | 1.80% | 161 | 1.87% |
| Washington | 582 | 1.71% | 171 | 1.99% |
| West Virginia | 62 | 0.18% | 16 | 0.19% |
| Wisconsin | 297 | 0.87% | 94 | 1.09% |
| Wyoming | 49 | 0.14% | 13 | 0.15% |
2016
Signals Received in 2016
31,986
signals were received by the Hotline in 2016 from National.
5,148
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Referral
1,411
Internet
1,244
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
558
Print Media
276
Training/Conference
201
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
98
Television
95
Billboard
26
Radio
21
Film
7
Social Media Site
7
Other
28,042
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
26,977
Online Report
2,151
Email Received
1,583
SMS Report
1,275
Cases Identified in 2016
7,528
cases were identified in 2016.
16,747
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
5,545
Labor
1,051
Sex and Labor
269
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
561
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
384
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
375
Escort/Delivery Service
236
Truck Stop-Based
96
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
67
Tourism
4
Legalized Brothel
3
Other
2,764
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
197
Traveling Sales Crew
99
Restaurant/Food Service
74
Health & Beauty Services
45
Illicit Activity
35
Peddling Ring
35
Begging Ring
33
Landscaping Service
33
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
21
Health Care
14
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
11
Arts & Entertainment
9
Hostess/Strip Club
8
Recreational Facilities
5
Other
190
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
4,851
Access Service Referrals
1,926
Request Crisis Assistance
650
Request General Information
79
Request T&TA
22
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
4,906
Minors
2,339
Genders
Females
6,317
Males
968
Citizenships
US Citizen LPR
2,130
Foreign Nationals
1,413
Signals and cases by State in 2016
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 205 | 0.64% | 48 | 0.64% |
| Alaska | 67 | 0.21% | 11 | 0.15% |
| Arizona | 540 | 1.69% | 150 | 1.99% |
| Arkansas | 165 | 0.52% | 47 | 0.62% |
| California | 4658 | 14.56% | 1354 | 17.99% |
| Colorado | 476 | 1.49% | 129 | 1.71% |
| Connecticut | 225 | 0.70% | 55 | 0.73% |
| Delaware | 69 | 0.22% | 21 | 0.28% |
| District of Columbia | 405 | 1.27% | 85 | 1.13% |
| Florida | 1790 | 5.60% | 562 | 7.47% |
| Georgia | 775 | 2.42% | 260 | 3.45% |
| Guam | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Hawaii | 75 | 0.23% | 31 | 0.41% |
| Idaho | 78 | 0.24% | 15 | 0.20% |
| Illinois | 734 | 2.29% | 210 | 2.79% |
| Indiana | 320 | 1.00% | 86 | 1.14% |
| Iowa | 238 | 0.74% | 74 | 0.98% |
| Kansas | 224 | 0.70% | 55 | 0.73% |
| Kentucky | 358 | 1.12% | 89 | 1.18% |
| Louisiana | 374 | 1.17% | 113 | 1.50% |
| Maine | 61 | 0.19% | 18 | 0.24% |
| Maryland | 603 | 1.89% | 166 | 2.21% |
| Massachusetts | 330 | 1.03% | 90 | 1.20% |
| Michigan | 930 | 2.91% | 254 | 3.37% |
| Minnesota | 381 | 1.19% | 70 | 0.93% |
| Mississippi | 125 | 0.39% | 54 | 0.72% |
| Missouri | 512 | 1.60% | 141 | 1.87% |
| Montana | 73 | 0.23% | 16 | 0.21% |
| Nebraska | 176 | 0.55% | 47 | 0.62% |
| Nevada | 341 | 1.07% | 175 | 2.32% |
| New Hampshire | 83 | 0.26% | 13 | 0.17% |
| New Jersey | 603 | 1.89% | 198 | 2.63% |
| New Mexico | 198 | 0.62% | 40 | 0.53% |
| New York | 1186 | 3.71% | 333 | 4.42% |
| North Carolina | 771 | 2.41% | 188 | 2.50% |
| North Dakota | 72 | 0.23% | 19 | 0.25% |
| Northern Marianas Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Ohio | 1463 | 4.57% | 377 | 5.01% |
| Oklahoma | 298 | 0.93% | 91 | 1.21% |
| Oregon | 342 | 1.07% | 79 | 1.05% |
| Pennsylvania | 690 | 2.16% | 161 | 2.14% |
| Puerto Rico | 45 | 0.14% | 3 | 0.04% |
| Rhode Island | 44 | 0.14% | 8 | 0.11% |
| South Carolina | 345 | 1.08% | 79 | 1.05% |
| South Dakota | 116 | 0.36% | 19 | 0.25% |
| Tennessee | 387 | 1.21% | 109 | 1.45% |
| Texas | 2425 | 7.58% | 682 | 9.06% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 10 | 0.03% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Utah | 222 | 0.69% | 42 | 0.56% |
| Vermont | 56 | 0.18% | 6 | 0.08% |
| Virginia | 706 | 2.21% | 155 | 2.06% |
| Washington | 606 | 1.89% | 170 | 2.26% |
| West Virginia | 55 | 0.17% | 21 | 0.28% |
| Wisconsin | 346 | 1.08% | 66 | 0.88% |
| Wyoming | 50 | 0.16% | 14 | 0.19% |
2015
Signals Received in 2015
26,840
signals were received by the Hotline in 2015 from National.
4,469
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Referral
1,459
Internet
1,328
Television
348
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
302
Print Media
268
Training/Conference
196
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
72
Billboard
47
Radio
39
Film
18
Other
22,763
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
22,322
Online Report
1,615
SMS Report
1,593
Email Received
1,310
Cases Identified in 2015
5,551
cases were identified in 2015.
12,008
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
4,192
Labor
722
Sex and Labor
171
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
433
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
341
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
257
Escort/Delivery Service
173
Truck Stop-Based
89
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
48
Legalized Brothel
3
Other
2,072
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
138
Traveling Sales Crew
69
Restaurant/Food Service
49
Health & Beauty Services
38
Illicit Activity
22
Peddling Ring
21
Begging Ring
19
Arts & Entertainment
17
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
14
Hostess/Strip Club
12
Landscaping Service
12
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
7
Traveling Carnival
7
Health Care
6
Recreational Facilities
3
Other
149
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
3,250
Access Service Referrals
1,770
Request Crisis Assistance
405
Request General Information
80
Request T&TA
46
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
3,655
Minors
1,601
Genders
Females
4,759
Males
561
Citizenships
US Citizen LPR
1,774
Foreign Nationals
1,089
Signals and cases by State in 2015
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 255 | 0.95% | 56 | 1.01% |
| Alaska | 50 | 0.19% | 9 | 0.16% |
| Arizona | 439 | 1.64% | 124 | 2.23% |
| Arkansas | 140 | 0.52% | 37 | 0.67% |
| California | 4251 | 15.84% | 1016 | 18.30% |
| Colorado | 381 | 1.42% | 83 | 1.50% |
| Connecticut | 140 | 0.52% | 40 | 0.72% |
| Delaware | 37 | 0.14% | 8 | 0.14% |
| District of Columbia | 372 | 1.39% | 72 | 1.30% |
| Florida | 1703 | 6.35% | 421 | 7.58% |
| Georgia | 733 | 2.73% | 204 | 3.68% |
| Guam | 5 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Hawaii | 81 | 0.30% | 27 | 0.49% |
| Idaho | 66 | 0.25% | 8 | 0.14% |
| Illinois | 655 | 2.44% | 129 | 2.32% |
| Indiana | 279 | 1.04% | 57 | 1.03% |
| Iowa | 166 | 0.62% | 37 | 0.67% |
| Kansas | 150 | 0.56% | 43 | 0.77% |
| Kentucky | 276 | 1.03% | 65 | 1.17% |
| Louisiana | 313 | 1.17% | 81 | 1.46% |
| Maine | 73 | 0.27% | 10 | 0.18% |
| Maryland | 500 | 1.86% | 124 | 2.23% |
| Massachusetts | 348 | 1.30% | 66 | 1.19% |
| Michigan | 815 | 3.04% | 156 | 2.81% |
| Minnesota | 381 | 1.42% | 55 | 0.99% |
| Mississippi | 120 | 0.45% | 40 | 0.72% |
| Missouri | 498 | 1.86% | 72 | 1.30% |
| Montana | 74 | 0.28% | 22 | 0.40% |
| Nebraska | 122 | 0.45% | 25 | 0.45% |
| Nevada | 419 | 1.56% | 147 | 2.65% |
| New Hampshire | 56 | 0.21% | 15 | 0.27% |
| New Jersey | 618 | 2.30% | 183 | 3.30% |
| New Mexico | 116 | 0.43% | 31 | 0.56% |
| New York | 1133 | 4.22% | 302 | 5.44% |
| North Carolina | 552 | 2.06% | 120 | 2.16% |
| North Dakota | 68 | 0.25% | 21 | 0.38% |
| Northern Marianas Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Ohio | 1224 | 4.56% | 301 | 5.42% |
| Oklahoma | 170 | 0.63% | 48 | 0.86% |
| Oregon | 309 | 1.15% | 64 | 1.15% |
| Pennsylvania | 621 | 2.31% | 112 | 2.02% |
| Puerto Rico | 30 | 0.11% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Rhode Island | 58 | 0.22% | 10 | 0.18% |
| South Carolina | 292 | 1.09% | 61 | 1.10% |
| South Dakota | 71 | 0.26% | 16 | 0.29% |
| Tennessee | 321 | 1.20% | 73 | 1.32% |
| Texas | 1964 | 7.32% | 455 | 8.20% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 4 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Utah | 112 | 0.42% | 23 | 0.41% |
| Vermont | 27 | 0.10% | 4 | 0.07% |
| Virginia | 719 | 2.68% | 153 | 2.76% |
| Washington | 488 | 1.82% | 135 | 2.43% |
| West Virginia | 75 | 0.28% | 10 | 0.18% |
| Wisconsin | 277 | 1.03% | 51 | 0.92% |
| Wyoming | 35 | 0.13% | 6 | 0.11% |
2007-2014
Signals Received in 2007-2014
82,225
signals were received by the Hotline in 2007-2014 from National.
2,874
signals received were from victims or survivors of human trafficking
How do contacts hear about the hotline?
It is helpful for us to learn how people hear about the Hotline so that we can strategically advertise to reach more victims and survivors. However, we are not always able to collect this information during every conversation.
Ways the Hotline was Found
Internet
8,243
Referral
6,482
DOS Know Your Rights Pamphlet
3,639
Print Media
2,982
Television
2,332
Training/Conference
1,766
Billboard
461
Radio
420
Truckers Against Trafficking Outreach
378
Film
105
Other
55,417
How do contacts reach the hotline?
People can contact the Hotline by phone, text, online chat, online form, and email. Most people contact us by phone or text.
Signal Types
Hotline Call
74,254
Online Report
3,289
Email Received
2,707
SMS Report
1,975
Cases Identified in 2007-2014
17,634
cases were identified in 2007-2014.
37,073
victims were involved in these cases. Cases can involve multiple victims.
What types of trafficking cases were reported?
The Hotline receives tips about situations involving sex trafficking, labor trafficking, sex & labor trafficking, as well as situations where the type of trafficking may be unknown or not specified.
Types of Trafficking
Sex
12,075
Labor
3,496
Sex and Labor
470
Venues for Sex Trafficking
Illicit Massage/Spa Business
1,820
Online Ad, Venue Unknown
895
Residence-Based Commercial Sex
658
Escort/Delivery Service
639
Truck Stop-Based
443
Hostess/Strip Club-Based
262
Tourism
12
Legalized Brothel
7
Other
5,227
Venues for Labor Trafficking
Domestic Work
843
Traveling Sales Crew
407
Restaurant/Food Service
384
Peddling Ring
264
Health & Beauty Services
149
Begging Ring
122
Landscaping Service
68
Housekeeping/Cleaning Service
67
Illicit Activity
55
Traveling Carnival
43
Recreational Facilities
30
Arts & Entertainment
29
Health Care
27
Hostess/Strip Club
27
Professional/Scientific/Tech Services
23
Pre-school/Child Day Care Service
12
Mining, Quarrying, Oil/Gas Extraction
3
Other
437
What was the primary request in each case?
People contact the hotline to report a tip, request a referral, or reach out for crisis-related services such as immediate shelter or crisis response.
Requests on Human Trafficking Cases
Report a Trafficking Tip
11,196
Access Service Referrals
4,584
Request Crisis Assistance
1,140
Request General Information
366
Request T&TA
348
Case Demographics
The Hotline only collects demographic information for victims and survivors in a trafficking situation when appropriate. These numbers are not cumulative as one case could involve multiple victims and survivors.
Ages
Adults
10,969
Minors
5,390
Genders
Females
14,246
Males
2,601
Citizenships
US Citizen LPR
6,987
Foreign Nationals
5,706
Signals and cases by State in 2007-2014
| State | Signals received | % of total signals | Cases identified | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 624 | 0.76% | 163 | 0.92% |
| Alaska | 89 | 0.11% | 23 | 0.13% |
| American Samoa | 5 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Arizona | 1040 | 1.26% | 278 | 1.58% |
| Arkansas | 413 | 0.50% | 82 | 0.47% |
| California | 11431 | 13.90% | 3150 | 17.86% |
| Colorado | 1041 | 1.27% | 248 | 1.41% |
| Connecticut | 517 | 0.63% | 139 | 0.79% |
| Delaware | 146 | 0.18% | 25 | 0.14% |
| District of Columbia | 2023 | 2.46% | 446 | 2.53% |
| Florida | 5231 | 6.36% | 1378 | 7.81% |
| Georgia | 2188 | 2.66% | 564 | 3.20% |
| Guam | 27 | 0.03% | 12 | 0.07% |
| Hawaii | 328 | 0.40% | 92 | 0.52% |
| Idaho | 254 | 0.31% | 42 | 0.24% |
| Illinois | 2548 | 3.10% | 636 | 3.61% |
| Indiana | 843 | 1.03% | 216 | 1.22% |
| Iowa | 510 | 0.62% | 90 | 0.51% |
| Kansas | 834 | 1.01% | 144 | 0.82% |
| Kentucky | 977 | 1.19% | 188 | 1.07% |
| Louisiana | 1294 | 1.57% | 308 | 1.75% |
| Maine | 245 | 0.30% | 40 | 0.23% |
| Maryland | 2072 | 2.52% | 509 | 2.89% |
| Massachusetts | 1196 | 1.45% | 252 | 1.43% |
| Michigan | 1701 | 2.07% | 400 | 2.27% |
| Minnesota | 768 | 0.93% | 191 | 1.08% |
| Mississippi | 419 | 0.51% | 125 | 0.71% |
| Missouri | 1209 | 1.47% | 244 | 1.38% |
| Montana | 197 | 0.24% | 40 | 0.23% |
| Nebraska | 297 | 0.36% | 65 | 0.37% |
| Nevada | 1470 | 1.79% | 367 | 2.08% |
| New Hampshire | 159 | 0.19% | 11 | 0.06% |
| New Jersey | 1887 | 2.29% | 486 | 2.76% |
| New Mexico | 418 | 0.51% | 98 | 0.56% |
| New York | 3418 | 4.16% | 1000 | 5.67% |
| North Carolina | 2266 | 2.76% | 470 | 2.67% |
| North Dakota | 197 | 0.24% | 45 | 0.26% |
| Northern Marianas Islands | 0 | 0.00% | 7 | 0.04% |
| Ohio | 2627 | 3.19% | 545 | 3.09% |
| Oklahoma | 897 | 1.09% | 221 | 1.25% |
| Oregon | 1163 | 1.41% | 241 | 1.37% |
| Pennsylvania | 2102 | 2.56% | 455 | 2.58% |
| Rhode Island | 154 | 0.19% | 60 | 0.34% |
| South Carolina | 928 | 1.13% | 196 | 1.11% |
| South Dakota | 224 | 0.27% | 21 | 0.12% |
| Tennessee | 1151 | 1.40% | 270 | 1.53% |
| Texas | 8419 | 10.24% | 1852 | 10.50% |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 11 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Utah | 404 | 0.49% | 72 | 0.41% |
| Vermont | 156 | 0.19% | 22 | 0.12% |
| Virginia | 2451 | 2.98% | 572 | 3.24% |
| Washington | 2003 | 2.44% | 478 | 2.71% |
| West Virginia | 166 | 0.20% | 43 | 0.24% |
| Wisconsin | 737 | 0.90% | 158 | 0.90% |
| Wyoming | 123 | 0.15% | 22 | 0.12% |
National Human Trafficking Referral Directory
This online Referral Directory is made up of anti-trafficking organizations and programs that offer emergency, transitional, or long-term services to victims and survivors of human trafficking as well as those that provide resources and opportunities in the anti-trafficking field.
Human Trafficking Hotline Statistics
50,123
signals were received by the Hotline in 2021. Includes calls, texts, and online chats and tips.